A treatise on the construction and use of milling machines

A Universal milling machine has all the movements of a Plain Machine, and in addition, the table is fed automatically at various angles to the axis of the spindle, and the spiral head is so made and connected with the feed screw that a positive rotary movement may be given to the work.

Besides doing the work of a Plain Milling Machine it can thus be used for an almost unlimited variety of other operations in the manufacture of machinery and tools.

Improvements of greater or less importance have been made in the machines from time to time, and we have embodied in their construction what we believe to be the best, making them more convenient, rigid, and better adapted for the class of work for which they are intended.


NO. 1 UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE.

The size and capacity of the No. 1 Universal Milling Machine adapt it for use in the ordinary shop.

It is pre-eminently a tool making machine, as is indicated by the fact that in the department where we make our jigs and fixtures, there are nearly as many No. 1 Universal Milling Machines as engine lathes. In all we have about forty of these machines in operation in our shops.

The Spindle has a hole 21/32” in diameter its entire length, and at the front end a No. 10 taper hole. The spindle is ground and lapped and runs in bronze boxes that can be adjusted. The front box can be tightened by the nut A, Figure 8, which brings the shoulder of the spindle against washers in front of the frame of the machine. The rear box is adjusted by tightening the nut C ; the front end of spindle is threaded, and is provided with a guard nut D, which protects the thread when not in use.

The Cone has four steps, the largest 10 ½” in diameter, for 3" belt.

The Overhanging Arm has an adjustable centre, and can be easily reversed to receive an attachment, turned out of the way, or removed. The distance from the centre of the spindle to the arm is 5 ½”;  greatest distance from end of spindle to centre in arm, 10 ½”.

The Saddle, which carries the table, pivots in the clamp bed, and is rigidly clamped to it by three bolts, which slide in circular slots and allow the table to be set at any angle to 45 either way from zero. The saddle and knee are clamped by nuts with fixed handles, thus dispensing with wrenches.

The Knee can be moved so that the top of the table at its lowest point will be 18” from the centre of the spindle. One revolution of crank moves the knee 0.1”.

The Stop Rod has sliding collars, J J, Figure 8, which can be readily set at any desired point when it is desired to limit the movement of the knee.

The Feed of table, of 17", is automatic in either direction, and as it is central can be changed by a simple movement of the lever on front of table. It can be used running in either direction, with the table at any angle to 45. The feed is driven from the feed cone through the universal joints and telescopic shafts on the side of the machine, page 5, the worm A, Figure 2, and worm wheel B, through the bevel gears, and the shaft D, the bevel gear at the upper end of the shaft which drives the loose bevel gears E E. Motion is imparted to the table by the lever F and the clutch G.

An automatic stop is provided to release the feed at any point when running in either direction. The auxiliary lever O, Figure 1, allows the feed to be released by hand.

A handle is provided at each end of the table for convenient operation by hand.

There are 8 changes of feed, obtained by transposing the feed cone pulleys, page 8, held in place by knurled nuts, giving a variation of feeds from .004" to .073" to one revolution of spindle. The lower cone pulleys are on an adjustable bracket, which allows the feed belt to be easily tightened.

Adjustable Dials graduated to read to thousandths of an inch indicate the longitudinal, transverse and vertical movements of table, and a series of graduations show in degrees the angle to the axis of the spindle at which the table is set. The dials may be adjusted without the aid of wrench or screw driver.

The Indexing Head Stock, or the Spiral Head is to divide the periphery of a piece of work into a number of equal parts. Besides this, it is so made that while the table is being moved by the feed screw a positive rotary movement may be given to the work. The velocity ratios of these movements are regulated by change gears, and any spiral provided for may be cut without interfering with the divisions of the work obtainable from the index plate.

Figs. 3 and 4, show the construction of the spiral head. The spiral spindle, or spiral shell, is revolved by the index crank J, through a worm and worm wheel. The worm wheel has forty teeth and consequently one turn of the index crank or worm shaft O, makes one-fortieth of a revolution of the spiral spindle, and by the use of an index plate I, a turn of the worm shaft may be divided into various definite parts and the fortieth of the revolution of the spiral spindle correspondingly sub-divided.

In connection with the index plate there is a sector which is used to obviate the necessity of counting the number of holes in the plate when dividing the work. The index crank pin P, in the crank J, may be used in any circle of holes in the index plate by adjusting the crank. The index plate can be kept from turning by the stop pin R.

The steel bushings, shown in black in the cuts, afford not only an extended bearing for the worm shaft, but also serve as a pivot for the spindle box B. The front end of the spindle can thus be raised and the spindle set to any angle from five degrees below the horizontal to a perpendicular. The angle is shown by the graduations on one side of the spiral head. The spindle receives the same arbors as the main spindle, and is threaded for a chuck. When the chuck is not in use the thread is protected by a guard nut.

Motion is transmitted to the spindle from the feed screw through change gears to two mitre gears, one of which is shown near T, Figure 3, and the other has upon its hub the gear marked "worm gear," Figure 5. By this arrangement the spindle can be automatically rotated at whatever angle it may be set.

Tables are sent with each machine, giving the change gears for cutting sixty-eight spirals. The tables call for the "gear on worm " The "first gear on stud," which means the first gear placed on stud, the "second gear on stud," or second gear placed on stud, and the "gear on screw." The spiral head and foot stock centres swing 8" in diameter and take 14" in length.

The chuck sent with the machine is provided with a plate which fits the spiral head spindle. A second chuck plate is also sent which fits the front of main spindle.

In oiling the machine it is important not to overlook the oil holes L L L, Figure 2. These holes are reached from the front of the table, when the table is placed in the three positions by matching lines on the table with a zero line on the front of the saddle.

Spirals not given in the table may be cut by using special gears or by determining by calculation many combinations of the regular gears not given in the table.

The three index plates sent with the machine have 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20; 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 49 holes respectively.

By means of the raising block the spiral head may be set at any angle on the bed.

The Vise swivels and has a graduated base, and may be set at any angle on the bed. The jaws are 5 1/8” wide, 1 1/8” deep and will open 2 3/4”. The jaws are made of steel and left soft unless otherwise ordered. Being held by screws they may be taken off and others designed for special work put in their places.

The Overhead Works, Figs. 6 and 7, include a shipper rod, stops and studs for attaching the lever, also hangers with adjustable self-oiling boxes.

The Counter Shaft has two 14 inch friction pulleys for 3 1/2 inch belts, and is usually run at about no revolutions a minute.

Floor Space measured over the extreme projections and points of travel of the various parts, 61x59 inches.

Weight of the machine ready for shipment is about 2040 pounds.

Net Weight, about 1570 pounds.

Dimensions of box in which the machine is packed are 49x35x62 inches.

Each machine is furnished with change gears, index plates and tables explaining the use of same, 6" 3 jawed chuck, and extra chuck plate, vise, collet, centre rest, raising block, hand wheel, wrenches, Treatise on Milling Machines, and everything else shown in cut, together with overhead works.