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Elements of construction
ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION
BY CHARLES A. KING
DIRECTOR OF MANUAL TRAINING EASTERN HIGH SCHOOL, BAY CITY, MICHIGAN
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY, 1911
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Elements of construction
PREFACE TO THE SERIES
This series consists of five volumes, four of which are intended as textbooks for pupils in manual-training, industrial, trade, technical, or normal schools. The fifth book of the series, the "Hand-book in Woodwork and Carpentry," is for the use of teachers and of normal students who expect to teach the subjects treated in the other four volumes.
Of the pupils' volumes, the first two, "Elements of Woodwork " and "Elements of Construction," are adapted to the needs of students in manual-training schools, or in any institution in which elementary woodwork is taught, whether as purely educational handwork, or as preparatory to a high, or trade, school course in carpentry or vocational training.
The volumes "Constructive Carpentry" and "Inside Finishing" are planned with special reference to the students of technical, industrial, or trade schools, who have passed through the work of the first two volumes, or their equivalent. The subjects treated are those which will be of greatest value to both the prospective and the finished workman.
For the many teachers who are obliged to follow a required course, but who are allowed to introduce supplementary or optional models under certain conditions, and for others who have more liberty and are able to make such changes as they see fit, this series will be found perfectly adaptable, regardless of the grades taught. To accomplish this, the material has been arranged by topics, which may be used by the "teacher irrespective of the sequence, as each topic has to the greatest extent possible been treated independently.
PREFACE TO ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION
This volume deals with the use of the common woodworking tools, the simple forms of construction used in fastening wood together, and the reading and understanding of simple drawings all of which will be found of indispensable value, not only to the student of manual training, but to those who, either as amateurs or professionals, have anything to do with work of a mechanical nature.
The problems in elementary construction are intended to familiarize the pupil with their various uses, and one or more of these problems, bearing upon the work he is to do, should precede the undertaking of any really important work. Students should be encouraged to create new models or exercises for themselves, following those shown only as a guide to the degree of difficulty or for suggestions as to methods of construction.
The arithmetic problems in this volume are intended to be used in connection with the class work, the teacher adapting them to his uses as may seem best. They are of the same nature as those with which the workman will come in daily contact, and should be used as the basis for mental drill as much as possible and for the teaching of the short cuts which the man in business should acquire.
The problems in elementary construction are intended to familiarize the pupil with their various uses, and one or more of these problems, bearing upon the work he is to do, should precede the undertaking of any really important work. Students should be encouraged to create new models or exercises for themselves, following those shown only as a guide to the degree of difficulty or for suggestions as to methods of construction.
The arithmetic problems in this volume are intended to be used in connection with the class work, the teacher adapting them to his uses as may seem best. They are of the same nature as those with which the workman will come in daily contact, and should be used as the basis for mental drill as much as possible and for the teaching of the short cuts which the man in business should acquire.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
TOOLS
1. How to purchase tools
2. Benches
3. Rules
4. The try-square
5. The steel, or framing, square
6. The bevel
7. The gauge
8. The hammer
9. The hatchet
10. The mallet
11. Saws
12. The knife blade
13. Planes
14. Sharpening a plane
15. The jack plane
16. The jointer
17. The smoothing plane
18. The block plane
19. The correct position
20. Chisels
21. Gouges
22. The drawshave
23. The spokeshave
24. Bits
25. The bitbrace, or stock
26. The screwdriver
27. The compasses, or dividers
28. Pliers
29. The scraper
30. Edges
31. Nail sets
32. Wrenches
33. Handscrews
34. Grindstone
35. Emery, corundum, carborundum
36. Whetstones
37. Files
38. Saw filing
CHAPTER II
WORKING DRAWINGS
39. Use and purpose of working drawings
40. Three-view drawing
41. Sections
42. Center lines
43. Radii and centers
44. Notes and dimensions
45. Using the scale
46. Drawing tools
CHAPTER III
CONSTRUCTIVE EXERCISES
47. Object of exercises
48. Use of exercises
49. Wood for exercises
50. Straight edge
51. Exercise in chiseling
52. Square butt joint
53. End butt joint
54. Edge joint
55. Intersection joint
56. Lap joint
57. Fished joint
58. Mitered joint
59. Halved scarfed joint
60. Tapered scarfed joint
61. Notched, or locked, joint
62. Housed, or tank, joints
63. Half-dovetailed joint
64. Checked joint
65. Mortised joint
66. Mortised joint and relish
67. Dovetailed brace, or halved joint
68. Mitered halved joint
69. Doweled joint
70. Mitered doweled joint
71. Miter box
72. Joggled and wedged splice
73. Halved and rabbeted joint
74. Table leg joint
75. Double mortised joint
76. Coped joint
77. Wedged and halved scarfed joint
78. Plain dovetailed joint
79. Half blind dovetailed joint
80. Blind dovetailed joint
CHAPTER IV
SUPPLEMENTARY MODELS
81. Bench hook
82. Coat hanger
83. Foot rest
84. Tool box
85. Bookshelf
86. Drawing board
87. T square
88. Threefold screen frame
89. Library table
90. Mission piano bench
91. Medicine cabinet
92. Dovetailed bookrack
93. Magazine stand
94. Wood finishing
95. Stains
96. Shellac
97. Wax finish
98. Brushes
CHAPTER V
ARITHMETIC QUESTIONS
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