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Wood carving: design and workmanship (1903) - Jack, George, 1855-1931
CHAPTER I - PREAMBLE
CHAPTER II - TOOLS
CHAPTER III - SHARPENING-STONES MALLET AND BENCH
CHAPTER IV - WOODS USED FOR CARVING
CHAPTER V - SHARPENING THE TOOLS
CHAPTER VI - CHIP CARVING
CHAPTER VII - THE GRAIN OF THE WOOD
CHAPTER VIII Contents - IMITATION OF NATURAL FORMS
CHAPTER IX - ROUNDED FORMS
CHAPTER X - THE PATTERNED BACKGROUND
CHAPTER XI - CONTOURS OF SURFACE
CHAPTER XII - ORIGINALITY
CHAPTER XIII - PIERCED PATTERNS
CHAPTER XIV - HARDWOOD CARVING
CHAPTER XV - THE SKETCH-BOOK
CHAPTER XVI - MUSEUMS
CHAPTER XVII - Studies from nature
CHAPTER XVIII - CARVING ON FURNFTURE
CHAPTER XIX - THE GROTESQUE IN CARVING
CHAPTER XX - STUDIES FROM NATURE BIRDS AND BEASTS
CHAPTER XXI - FORESHORTENING AS APPLIED TO WORK IN RELIEF
CHAPTER XXII - UNDERCUTTING AND *« BUILT-UP " WORK
CHAPTER XXIII - PICTURE SUBJECTS AND PERSPECTIVE
CHAPTER XXIV - ARCHITECTURAL CARVING
CHAPTER XXV - SURFACE FINISH TEXTURE
CHAPTER XXVI - CRAFT SCHOOLS^ PAST AND PRESENT
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A manual of wood carving (1909) - Leland, Charles Godfrey, 1824-1903
CONTENTS.
Introduction.
Woods, Tools, and Sharpening i
First Lesson.
Indenting and Stamping ^S
Second Lesson.
Cutting Grooves with a Gouge 22
Third Lesson.
Flat Patterns made with cuts and lines— Cavo Relievo or Intagli-o
Rilevato (Cavo-cutting) 28
Fourth Lesson.
Cutting out a Flat Panel with a Ground 34
Fifth Lesson.
Cutting Simple Leaves— Carving with the Left Hand— Modelling or
Rounding— Shaded Patterns and Modelling— Progress towards
Relief 39
Sixth Lesson.
Cutting with the Grain— Turning the Tool— the Drill— Bold Carving—
and large work 44
Seventh Lesson.
The Sweep-cut or Free-hand Carving— Cutting Notches in Leaves—
the Round-cut 49
Eighth Lesson.
Further application of the Sweep-cut to Higher Relief 53
Ninth Lesson.
Carving Simple Figures or Animal Forms— Figurini for Cabinets-
Simple Rounded Edges and approach to Modelling 59
vili Contents.
Tenth Lesson. page
Finishing off— Imitation of old and worn work — Where Polishing is
required 64
Eleventh Lesson.
Diaper-work — Stamped Diaper-patterns — Cutting Diapers 69
Twelfth Lesson.
Building-up, or Appliqud work 75
Thirteenth Lesson.
Carving in the Round 79
Appendix to Thirteenth Lesson.
On the Use of the Saw 83
Fourteenth Lesson.
Incised, Intaglio, or Sunk Carving 86
Fifteenth Lesson.
Carving Curved Surfaces : Cocoa-nuts, Bowls, Horns, Casks, Tankards,
etc 93
Sixteenth Lesson.
Bosses, Knobs, Bars, and Polished Ornaments loi
Seventeenth Lesson.
To Repair Wood-Carving — Glue — Nitric Acid Glue — Preparing De-
cayed Wood — Artificial Wood — Fillers — Spraying — To make Glue
"take" 105
Eighteenth Lesson.
Colouring Wood-work — Oiling — Soda — Stains and Dyes — Ivorying Sur-
faces — Black Dyes and Ink no
Nineteenth Lesson.
Making Moulds or Squeezes for Wood-Carvers . 115
Twentieth Lesson.
Spot Cutting 118
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The art of wood carving (1867) - George Alfred Rogers
CONTENTS.
Page
DEDICATION iii
FBEFAOE Y
REQUISITES AND TJSEFUL ACCESSORIES 1
ON THE CHOICE OF WOODS 3
ON FIXINa THE "WORK 7
ON FIRST STEPSt AND CARVINg IN RELIEF 9
ON FRETWORK AND PERFORATED CARVING 14
ON BOIiD WORK 15
ON SHARPENTSra THE TOOLS, AND OTHER INFORMATION ... 18
ON STAININQ, OILING, VARNISHING, AND POLISHING .... 21
A DISCURSIVE ARTICLE ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS IN CONNECTION
WITH THE ART 25
ON THE ANTIQUITY AND HISTORY OF WOOD-CARVING .... 31
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Fret-sawing and wood-carving (1875) - Sawyer, George A
INTRODUCTION 7
TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES FOR FRET-SAWING .... 10
TOOLS AND ACCESSORIES FOR CARVING I4
SAW-FRAMES AND SAWS 21 .
MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS ,28
SHARPENING TOOLS 33
WOODS ,g
GLUE, VARNISH, OILING, AND POLISHING . 43
COPYING AND TRANSFERRING PATTERNS 48
How TO USE THE SAW 5!
How TO USE THE CARVING-TOOLS 55
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES 58
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A manual of fret cutting and wood carving (1875) - Thomas Seaton
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Tools for a Beginner — Bench, Turkey-Stone, and Slip — List of Tools
for more advanced Carver — To level the Stone — To sharpen Tools
—To sharpen Gouges — Leather for sharpening Tools — Glue, to
prepare — Diaper Carving — Hint regarding V-tools . . i
CHAPTER II.
Fret-cutting and Perforated Carving — Tools required — Bow-saw and
Horse — Saw-Gate — Saws — Wooden Saw-frame and Spring Vice —
Fret-cutting Table, how to make — Pattern— How to cut it — Pre-
cautions to be observed— Saw Workjuroping — Cutting across Grain 1 3
CHAPTER III
Fret Cutting— Difficult Places — Sawing Tables— Fine Saws— Wander
off Work — Saw to be turned to Front for large Work— Sand-paper
— Stick for Brown Stain — Varnishes — French Polishing — Glue pot 24
CHAPTER IV.
Sundry Maxims— Red Ink best for Copying Patterns- Some Patterns
recommended . . . . . . '35
CHAPTER V.
To Copy Patterns (Designs) on Tracing-paper— To Enlarge or Reduce
Designs, Method — Carver's Screw and Bridge— To Carve a Fret-
Cut Bracket — ^Tools for rounding Ivy Branches . . .44
CHAPTER VI.
Maccaroni Tool— Its Use— To Cut against the Grain— To Carve with
the Left Hand— How— Carving the Bracket (continued)— Zig-zag
Ornamental Pattem^and-paper for smoothing Leaves not to be
used — Swiss Carvers use it — Carving on both sides— Support to
Shelf— How to avoid Fracture— Back Carving— Finishing the
Bracket— Beading round the T part— Putting on Hinges— Finishing
the Shelf— Mould Ivy round Shelf— Tool for making it . .53
CHAPTER VII.
Amateur should prepare his own Wood— Saws required — How to use
them — ^Aid to the Saw— tBench Saddle — How to make it — Mitre
Box — To sharpen Saws — Saw Clip — ^The Plane— Jack Plane — To
sharpen Plane Iron— To hold the Plane — To Plane True —
Smoothing Plane — To Grind Plane Iron— Planing across Grain
sometimes advisable . . . . . , • 7^
CHAPTER VIII.
Natives of India rarely at a loss for expedients — Anecdote — Gouges,
and what can be done with them — ^An ornamental Leaf to Carve in
the solid — Instructions in Grounding — Precautions to be observed
— ^To Bost — Precautions when Bosting— Finishing the Leaf — The
Parts to ! be sketched on bosted Mass — Various Instructions —
Rounding off bottom of Leaf — Tools to be used in rounding off
Leaf, etc. — Gouges to be levelled from the inside— Rule for Bevel —
An Ornament for Carving — Masses of Carving are built up, not
hewn out of Solid Block — Black Stain— Brown Stain . . 86
CHAPTER IX.
Two Maxims repeated — Cut clean, use Tools with left hand — Method
of using Tools with left Hand— Grounding — Bent Chisels — Boster
for smoothing Ground — Notch in a Leaf, to cut — To raise Beads
or Pearls — Punches — Their Use in finishing Pearls — Other Uses —
The Ribbon round the Stick— Leg of Square Music Stool — Method
of transferring Design to Carved Surface — Precautions on Carving
the Stool— Illustration of Cross Pieces— Acanthus I-«af Illustration
— How to Carve it ..... . . 106
CHAPTER X.
The Turkey Slip — How to manage Heads — Proportions — How to
Carve — Scale of Parts — Instruction for Carving Heads— Bosting —
Finishing Sunk Carving — Detailed Method of Carving — Wax
Varnish — Designs for Lid, Front, and Sides of Box — How to Carve
it — Dimensions of Box — Carver's Chaps for holding small articles
to be Carved • . . . . . . •131
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The art of wood carving : practical hints to amateurs and a short history of the art (1867) - Rogers, George Alfred
CONTENTS.
Page
DEDICATION . . . ^ . . iii
PREFACE V
REQUISITES AND USEFUL ACCESSORIES 1
ON THE CHOICE OF WOODS 3
ON FIXING THE WORK 7
ON FIRST STEPS, AND CARVING IN RELIEF 9
ON FRETWORK AND PERFORATED CARVING 14
ON BOLD WORK 15
ON SHARPENING THE TOOLS, AND OTHER INFORMATION ... 18
ON STAINING, OILING, VARNISHING, AND POLISHING .... 21
A DISCURSIVE ARTICLE ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS IN CONNECTION
WITH THE ART ~ . . 25
ON THE ANTIQUITY AND HISTORY OF WOOD-CARVING .... 31
PRACTICAL HINTS TO AMATEURS.
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Wood sculpture (1911) - Maskell, Alfred
CONTENTS
Preface, v
List of the Plates, xi
Chapter I. Introductory — Prehistoric Art
— Wood Sculpture in Ancient Egypt
Chapter II. Wood Sculpture in the early Middle Ages and Later
Chapter III. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries
— Guilds and Corporations
Chapter IV. Retables in Flanders and Ger-many
Chapter V. Wood Sculpture in Germany in the
Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries
Chapter VI. The Franconian, Bavarian, and other German Artists
and Workshops of the End of the Gothic Period
Chapter VII. Veit Stoss — Riemenschneider — Pacher
— Multscher — Briiggemann,
Chapter VIII. Sculpture in Boxwood — Fran- cesco da Sant' Agata
— Conrad Meit — Hans Wydyz
Chapter IX. German Medallions iri Wood, 161
Chapter X. Microscopic or Miniature Wood Sculpture
Chapter XL Wood Sculpture in Spain — Some Spanish Retables
and their Makers,
Chapter XI L Crucifixes and Madonna Figures, 214
Chapter XI I L On some Examples of Wood Sculpture of
the Trecento and Quattrocento in Italy,
Chapter XIV. On the Colouring of Wood Sculpture,
Chapter XV. Wood Sculpture in England in the Thirteenth,
Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries — Coffers, Chests,
and Panellings — Sepulchral Effigies and Small Figure Work
Chapter XVI. Choirs and Choir Stalls, . 313
Chapter XVII. Symbolism in Church Wood- work — Misericords
— Bench-Ends,
Chapter XVI 1 1. Chancel Screens and other Carved Woodwork in
Parish Churches in the West of England, .... 373
Conclusion, 402
Index, 417
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